Hi all,
I discovered that -xtivreg- and -xtivreg2- produces different results with clustered SE, at least in the first stage. Here is what I do:
xtset pcode year
xtivreg, fe vce(robust) first
xtivreg2, fe cluster(pcode) first
As it was suggested in previous posts on statalist I could add -small- to -xtivreg2-. This gives me:
xtivreg2, fe cluster(pcode) first small
Can someone explain me why at least the first stage is significantly different and thus the relevance of my instrument is totally different?
I discovered that -xtivreg- and -xtivreg2- produces different results with clustered SE, at least in the first stage. Here is what I do:
xtset pcode year
xtivreg, fe vce(robust) first
Code:
xtivreg growth_GDP_PPP_pc L1.GDP_PPP_pc (HIV_mean_prev= MC_mean_prev) year1-year18, fe vce(robust) first
note: year1 omitted because of collinearity.
note: year18 omitted because of collinearity.
First-stage within regression
Fixed-effects (within) regression Number of obs = 9,360
Group variable: pcode Number of groups = 585
R-squared: Obs per group:
Within = 0.2537 min = 16
Between = 0.3202 avg = 16.0
Overall = 0.1966 max = 16
F(17,584) = 24.34
corr(u_i, Xb) = 0.3450 Prob > F = 0.0000
(Std. err. adjusted for 585 clusters in pcode)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Robust
HIV_mean_p~v | Coefficient std. err. t P>|t| [95% conf. interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
GDP_PPP_pc |
L1. | -2.00e-09 1.07e-09 -1.87 0.062 -4.11e-09 9.87e-11
|
year1 | 0 (omitted)
year2 | 0 (omitted)
year3 | .0156359 .0010809 14.47 0.000 .013513 .0177588
year4 | .0147043 .0009866 14.90 0.000 .0127666 .0166421
year5 | .0134187 .0009156 14.66 0.000 .0116205 .0152169
year6 | .0121423 .0008431 14.40 0.000 .0104864 .0137983
year7 | .0108118 .0007856 13.76 0.000 .0092687 .0123548
year8 | .0092799 .0007266 12.77 0.000 .0078529 .0107069
year9 | .0076829 .000642 11.97 0.000 .0064219 .0089438
year10 | .0060961 .0005786 10.54 0.000 .0049597 .0072324
year11 | .0050247 .0005304 9.47 0.000 .003983 .0060663
year12 | .0042346 .0004855 8.72 0.000 .0032811 .0051881
year13 | .0033211 .0004152 8.00 0.000 .0025057 .0041365
year14 | .0026812 .0003021 8.87 0.000 .0020878 .0032746
year15 | .0020689 .0002121 9.75 0.000 .0016523 .0024856
year16 | .0013933 .0001395 9.99 0.000 .0011193 .0016672
year17 | .0006147 .0000793 7.76 0.000 .000459 .0007704
year18 | 0 (omitted)
MC_mean_prev | -.0144539 .008176 -1.77 0.078 -.0305119 .0016042
_cons | .0605409 .0061373 9.86 0.000 .0484871 .0725948
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
sigma_u | .05936565
sigma_e | .0096826
rho | .97408738 (fraction of variance due to u_i)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fixed-effects (within) IV regression Number of obs = 9,945
Group variable: pcode Number of groups = 585
R-squared: Obs per group:
Within = . min = 17
Between = 0.0001 avg = 17.0
Overall = 0.0001 max = 17
Wald chi2(18) = 5296.46
corr(u_i, Xb) = -0.9752 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
(Std. err. adjusted for 585 clusters in pcode)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Robust
growth_GDP_~c | Coefficient std. err. z P>|z| [95% conf. interval]
--------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
HIV_mean_prev | 3.078041 2.36532 1.30 0.193 -1.5579 7.713982
|
GDP_PPP_pc |
L1. | -1.53e-10 1.10e-08 -0.01 0.989 -2.16e-08 2.13e-08
|
year1 | 0 (omitted)
year2 | -.0445854 .0410674 -1.09 0.278 -.1250761 .0359053
year3 | -.0452986 .0397318 -1.14 0.254 -.1231716 .0325743
year4 | -.0404836 .0376005 -1.08 0.282 -.1141792 .033212
year5 | .0070452 .034956 0.20 0.840 -.0614673 .0755577
year6 | -.0123261 .0313743 -0.39 0.694 -.0738186 .0491664
year7 | -.0105576 .0279587 -0.38 0.706 -.0653557 .0442405
year8 | -.0025755 .0244086 -0.11 0.916 -.0504155 .0452645
year9 | -.0131919 .0207124 -0.64 0.524 -.0537875 .0274037
year10 | -.0174418 .0165816 -1.05 0.293 -.0499411 .0150576
year11 | .0102819 .0141217 0.73 0.467 -.0173961 .0379599
year12 | .0012855 .0120502 0.11 0.915 -.0223324 .0249033
year13 | .0033463 .0097785 0.34 0.732 -.0158191 .0225118
year14 | -.0055607 .0089031 -0.62 0.532 -.0230104 .0118891
year15 | .0062522 .0058038 1.08 0.281 -.005123 .0176273
year16 | -.0022079 .0035557 -0.62 0.535 -.009177 .0047611
year17 | -.0008809 .0016808 -0.52 0.600 -.0041751 .0024134
year18 | 0 (omitted)
_cons | -.1473728 .1170858 -1.26 0.208 -.3768568 .0821111
--------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
sigma_u | .19291119
sigma_e | .06111003
rho | .90880311 (fraction of variance due to u_i)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Instrumented: HIV_mean_prev
Instruments: L.GDP_PPP_pc year2 year3 year4 year5 year6 year7 year8 year9
year10 year11 year12 year13 year14 year15 year16 year17
MC_mean_prev
r; t=0.89 15:05:03
Code:
xtivreg2 growth_GDP_PPP_pc L1.GDP_PPP_pc (HIV_mean_prev= MC_mean_prev) year1-year18, fe cluster(pcode) first
Warning - collinearities detected
Vars dropped: year1 year18
FIXED EFFECTS ESTIMATION
------------------------
Number of groups = 585 Obs per group: min = 17
avg = 17.0
max = 17
Warning - collinearities detected
Vars dropped: year1 year18
First-stage regressions
-----------------------
FIXED EFFECTS ESTIMATION
------------------------
Number of groups = 585 Obs per group: min = 17
avg = 17.0
max = 17
First-stage regression of HIV_mean_prev:
Statistics robust to heteroskedasticity and clustering on pcode
Number of obs = 9945
Number of clusters (pcode) = 585
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Robust
HIV_mean_p~v | Coefficient std. err. t P>|t| [95% conf. interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
MC_mean_prev | -.0129952 .0089758 -1.45 0.148 -.0305899 .0045994
|
GDP_PPP_pc |
L1. | -2.99e-09 1.15e-09 -2.61 0.009 -5.23e-09 -7.43e-10
|
year1 | 0 (omitted)
year2 | .01637 .0011976 13.67 0.000 .0140224 .0187175
year3 | .0157388 .0011052 14.24 0.000 .0135723 .0179052
year4 | .0148042 .0010155 14.58 0.000 .0128135 .0167948
year5 | .0135153 .0009475 14.26 0.000 .011658 .0153726
year6 | .0122371 .0008779 13.94 0.000 .0105163 .0139579
year7 | .0109056 .000823 13.25 0.000 .0092923 .0125188
year8 | .0093755 .000767 12.22 0.000 .007872 .010879
year9 | .0077759 .0006847 11.36 0.000 .0064338 .009118
year10 | .006185 .0006211 9.96 0.000 .0049675 .0074026
year11 | .0051064 .0005723 8.92 0.000 .0039846 .0062282
year12 | .0043111 .0005246 8.22 0.000 .0032829 .0053394
year13 | .0033855 .0004471 7.57 0.000 .0025091 .0042618
year14 | .0027209 .0003192 8.52 0.000 .0020952 .0033467
year15 | .0020889 .0002173 9.61 0.000 .001663 .0025148
year16 | .0014029 .0001406 9.97 0.000 .0011272 .0016786
year17 | .0006228 .0000811 7.68 0.000 .0004638 .0007819
year18 | 0 (omitted)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test of excluded instruments:
F( 1, 584) = 2.10
Prob > F = 0.1482
Sanderson-Windmeijer multivariate F test of excluded instruments:
F( 1, 584) = 2.10
Prob > F = 0.1482
Summary results for first-stage regressions
-------------------------------------------
(Underid) (Weak id)
Variable | F( 1, 584) P-val | SW Chi-sq( 1) P-val | SW F( 1, 584)
HIV_mean_pre | 2.10 0.1482 | 2.10 0.1470 | 2.10
NB: first-stage test statistics cluster-robust
Stock-Yogo weak ID F test critical values for single endogenous regressor:
10% maximal IV size 16.38
15% maximal IV size 8.96
20% maximal IV size 6.66
25% maximal IV size 5.53
Source: Stock-Yogo (2005). Reproduced by permission.
NB: Critical values are for i.i.d. errors only.
Underidentification test
Ho: matrix of reduced form coefficients has rank=K1-1 (underidentified)
Ha: matrix has rank=K1 (identified)
Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistic Chi-sq(1)=2.04 P-val=0.1528
Weak identification test
Ho: equation is weakly identified
Cragg-Donald Wald F statistic 22.54
Kleibergen-Paap Wald rk F statistic 2.10
Stock-Yogo weak ID test critical values for K1=1 and L1=1:
10% maximal IV size 16.38
15% maximal IV size 8.96
20% maximal IV size 6.66
25% maximal IV size 5.53
Source: Stock-Yogo (2005). Reproduced by permission.
NB: Critical values are for Cragg-Donald F statistic and i.i.d. errors.
Weak-instrument-robust inference
Tests of joint significance of endogenous regressors B1 in main equation
Ho: B1=0 and orthogonality conditions are valid
Anderson-Rubin Wald test F(1,584)= 13.11 P-val=0.0003
Anderson-Rubin Wald test Chi-sq(1)= 13.16 P-val=0.0003
Stock-Wright LM S statistic Chi-sq(1)= 24.96 P-val=0.0000
NB: Underidentification, weak identification and weak-identification-robust
test statistics cluster-robust
Number of clusters N_clust = 585
Number of observations N = 9945
Number of regressors K = 18
Number of endogenous regressors K1 = 1
Number of instruments L = 18
Number of excluded instruments L1 = 1
IV (2SLS) estimation
--------------------
Estimates efficient for homoskedasticity only
Statistics robust to heteroskedasticity and clustering on pcode
Number of clusters (pcode) = 585 Number of obs = 9945
F( 18, 584) = 38.11
Prob > F = 0.0000
Total (centered) SS = 24.53840383 Centered R2 = -0.4217
Total (uncentered) SS = 24.53840383 Uncentered R2 = -0.4217
Residual SS = 34.8871044 Root MSE = .06105
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Robust
growth_GDP_~c | Coefficient std. err. z P>|z| [95% conf. interval]
--------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
HIV_mean_prev | 3.078041 2.361157 1.30 0.192 -1.549742 7.705824
|
GDP_PPP_pc |
L1. | -1.53e-10 1.09e-08 -0.01 0.989 -2.16e-08 2.13e-08
|
year1 | 0 (omitted)
year2 | -.0445854 .0409952 -1.09 0.277 -.1249344 .0357637
year3 | -.0452986 .0396619 -1.14 0.253 -.1230345 .0324373
year4 | -.0404836 .0375343 -1.08 0.281 -.1140495 .0330823
year5 | .0070452 .0348945 0.20 0.840 -.0613467 .0754371
year6 | -.0123261 .0313191 -0.39 0.694 -.0737104 .0490582
year7 | -.0105576 .0279095 -0.38 0.705 -.0652593 .0441441
year8 | -.0025755 .0243657 -0.11 0.916 -.0503313 .0451803
year9 | -.0131919 .020676 -0.64 0.523 -.0537161 .0273323
year10 | -.0174418 .0165524 -1.05 0.292 -.0498839 .0150004
year11 | .0102819 .0140968 0.73 0.466 -.0173474 .0379111
year12 | .0012855 .0120289 0.11 0.915 -.0222908 .0248618
year13 | .0033463 .0097613 0.34 0.732 -.0157854 .022478
year14 | -.0055607 .0088874 -0.63 0.532 -.0229797 .0118584
year15 | .0062522 .0057935 1.08 0.281 -.005103 .0176073
year16 | -.0022079 .0035494 -0.62 0.534 -.0091647 .0047488
year17 | -.0008809 .0016778 -0.53 0.600 -.0041693 .0024076
year18 | 0 (omitted)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Underidentification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistic): 2.044
Chi-sq(1) P-val = 0.1528
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Weak identification test (Cragg-Donald Wald F statistic): 22.541
(Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald F statistic): 2.096
Stock-Yogo weak ID test critical values: 10% maximal IV size 16.38
15% maximal IV size 8.96
20% maximal IV size 6.66
25% maximal IV size 5.53
Source: Stock-Yogo (2005). Reproduced by permission.
NB: Critical values are for Cragg-Donald F statistic and i.i.d. errors.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hansen J statistic (overidentification test of all instruments): 0.000
(equation exactly identified)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Instrumented: HIV_mean_prev
Included instruments: L.GDP_PPP_pc year2 year3 year4 year5 year6 year7 year8
year9 year10 year11 year12 year13 year14 year15 year16
year17
Excluded instruments: MC_mean_prev
Dropped collinear: year1 year18
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r; t=0.70 15:08:52
xtivreg2, fe cluster(pcode) first small
Code:
xtivreg2 growth_GDP_PPP_pc L1.GDP_PPP_pc (HIV_mean_prev= MC_mean_prev) year1-year18, fe cluster(pcode) first small
Warning - collinearities detected
Vars dropped: year1 year18
FIXED EFFECTS ESTIMATION
------------------------
Number of groups = 585 Obs per group: min = 17
avg = 17.0
max = 17
Warning - collinearities detected
Vars dropped: year1 year18
First-stage regressions
-----------------------
FIXED EFFECTS ESTIMATION
------------------------
Number of groups = 585 Obs per group: min = 17
avg = 17.0
max = 17
First-stage regression of HIV_mean_prev:
Statistics robust to heteroskedasticity and clustering on pcode
Number of obs = 9945
Number of clusters (pcode) = 585
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Robust
HIV_mean_p~v | Coefficient std. err. t P>|t| [95% conf. interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
MC_mean_prev | -.0129952 .0089758 -1.45 0.148 -.0305899 .0045994
|
GDP_PPP_pc |
L1. | -2.99e-09 1.15e-09 -2.61 0.009 -5.23e-09 -7.43e-10
|
year1 | 0 (omitted)
year2 | .01637 .0011976 13.67 0.000 .0140224 .0187175
year3 | .0157388 .0011052 14.24 0.000 .0135723 .0179052
year4 | .0148042 .0010155 14.58 0.000 .0128135 .0167948
year5 | .0135153 .0009475 14.26 0.000 .011658 .0153726
year6 | .0122371 .0008779 13.94 0.000 .0105163 .0139579
year7 | .0109056 .000823 13.25 0.000 .0092923 .0125188
year8 | .0093755 .000767 12.22 0.000 .007872 .010879
year9 | .0077759 .0006847 11.36 0.000 .0064338 .009118
year10 | .006185 .0006211 9.96 0.000 .0049675 .0074026
year11 | .0051064 .0005723 8.92 0.000 .0039846 .0062282
year12 | .0043111 .0005246 8.22 0.000 .0032829 .0053394
year13 | .0033855 .0004471 7.57 0.000 .0025091 .0042618
year14 | .0027209 .0003192 8.52 0.000 .0020952 .0033467
year15 | .0020889 .0002173 9.61 0.000 .001663 .0025148
year16 | .0014029 .0001406 9.97 0.000 .0011272 .0016786
year17 | .0006228 .0000811 7.68 0.000 .0004638 .0007819
year18 | 0 (omitted)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
F test of excluded instruments:
F( 1, 584) = 2.10
Prob > F = 0.1482
Sanderson-Windmeijer multivariate F test of excluded instruments:
F( 1, 584) = 2.10
Prob > F = 0.1482
Summary results for first-stage regressions
-------------------------------------------
(Underid) (Weak id)
Variable | F( 1, 584) P-val | SW Chi-sq( 1) P-val | SW F( 1, 584)
HIV_mean_pre | 2.10 0.1482 | 2.10 0.1470 | 2.10
NB: first-stage test statistics cluster-robust
Stock-Yogo weak ID F test critical values for single endogenous regressor:
10% maximal IV size 16.38
15% maximal IV size 8.96
20% maximal IV size 6.66
25% maximal IV size 5.53
Source: Stock-Yogo (2005). Reproduced by permission.
NB: Critical values are for i.i.d. errors only.
Underidentification test
Ho: matrix of reduced form coefficients has rank=K1-1 (underidentified)
Ha: matrix has rank=K1 (identified)
Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistic Chi-sq(1)=2.04 P-val=0.1528
Weak identification test
Ho: equation is weakly identified
Cragg-Donald Wald F statistic 22.54
Kleibergen-Paap Wald rk F statistic 2.10
Stock-Yogo weak ID test critical values for K1=1 and L1=1:
10% maximal IV size 16.38
15% maximal IV size 8.96
20% maximal IV size 6.66
25% maximal IV size 5.53
Source: Stock-Yogo (2005). Reproduced by permission.
NB: Critical values are for Cragg-Donald F statistic and i.i.d. errors.
Weak-instrument-robust inference
Tests of joint significance of endogenous regressors B1 in main equation
Ho: B1=0 and orthogonality conditions are valid
Anderson-Rubin Wald test F(1,584)= 13.11 P-val=0.0003
Anderson-Rubin Wald test Chi-sq(1)= 13.16 P-val=0.0003
Stock-Wright LM S statistic Chi-sq(1)= 24.96 P-val=0.0000
NB: Underidentification, weak identification and weak-identification-robust
test statistics cluster-robust
Number of clusters N_clust = 585
Number of observations N = 9945
Number of regressors K = 18
Number of endogenous regressors K1 = 1
Number of instruments L = 18
Number of excluded instruments L1 = 1
IV (2SLS) estimation
--------------------
Estimates efficient for homoskedasticity only
Statistics robust to heteroskedasticity and clustering on pcode
Number of clusters (pcode) = 585 Number of obs = 9945
F( 18, 584) = 38.11
Prob > F = 0.0000
Total (centered) SS = 24.53840383 Centered R2 = -0.4217
Total (uncentered) SS = 24.53840383 Uncentered R2 = -0.4217
Residual SS = 34.8871044 Root MSE = .06111
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Robust
growth_GDP_~c | Coefficient std. err. t P>|t| [95% conf. interval]
--------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
HIV_mean_prev | 3.078041 2.3652 1.30 0.194 -1.567294 7.723376
|
GDP_PPP_pc |
L1. | -1.53e-10 1.10e-08 -0.01 0.989 -2.17e-08 2.14e-08
|
year1 | 0 (omitted)
year2 | -.0445854 .0410654 -1.09 0.278 -.1252391 .0360684
year3 | -.0452986 .0397298 -1.14 0.255 -.1233294 .0327321
year4 | -.0404836 .0375986 -1.08 0.282 -.1143285 .0333613
year5 | .0070452 .0349542 0.20 0.840 -.0616061 .0756965
year6 | -.0123261 .0313727 -0.39 0.695 -.0739432 .049291
year7 | -.0105576 .0279573 -0.38 0.706 -.0654667 .0443515
year8 | -.0025755 .0244074 -0.11 0.916 -.0505124 .0453614
year9 | -.0131919 .0207114 -0.64 0.524 -.0538698 .027486
year10 | -.0174418 .0165808 -1.05 0.293 -.0500069 .0151234
year11 | .0102819 .014121 0.73 0.467 -.0174522 .0380159
year12 | .0012855 .0120495 0.11 0.915 -.0223803 .0249512
year13 | .0033463 .009778 0.34 0.732 -.015858 .0225506
year14 | -.0055607 .0089026 -0.62 0.532 -.0230457 .0119244
year15 | .0062522 .0058035 1.08 0.282 -.005146 .0176504
year16 | -.0022079 .0035555 -0.62 0.535 -.0091911 .0047752
year17 | -.0008809 .0016807 -0.52 0.600 -.0041818 .00242
year18 | 0 (omitted)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Underidentification test (Kleibergen-Paap rk LM statistic): 2.044
Chi-sq(1) P-val = 0.1528
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Weak identification test (Cragg-Donald Wald F statistic): 22.541
(Kleibergen-Paap rk Wald F statistic): 2.096
Stock-Yogo weak ID test critical values: 10% maximal IV size 16.38
15% maximal IV size 8.96
20% maximal IV size 6.66
25% maximal IV size 5.53
Source: Stock-Yogo (2005). Reproduced by permission.
NB: Critical values are for Cragg-Donald F statistic and i.i.d. errors.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hansen J statistic (overidentification test of all instruments): 0.000
(equation exactly identified)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Instrumented: HIV_mean_prev
Included instruments: L.GDP_PPP_pc year2 year3 year4 year5 year6 year7 year8
year9 year10 year11 year12 year13 year14 year15 year16
year17
Excluded instruments: MC_mean_prev
Dropped collinear: year1 year18
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
r; t=0.66 15:11:40

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